Robert Frosts Acquainted With the Night

Robert Frost's 'Familiar With the Night' Robert Frost, the quintessential New England writer, was really brought into the world a huge number of miles away in San Francisco. At the point when he was youthful, his dad kicked the bucket and his mom moved with him and his sister to Lawrence, Massachusetts, and it was there where his foundations in New England were first planted. He went to class at Dartmouth and Harvard colleges however didn't acquire a degree and afterward filled in as an instructor and supervisor. He and his significant other went to England in 1912, and there Frost associated with Ezra Pound, who helped Frost get his work distributed. In 1915 Frostâ returned to the U.S. with two distributed volumes added to his repertoire and a built up following. The writer Daniel Hoffman wrote in 1970 out of an audit of The Poetry of Robert Frost: â€Å"He turned into a national VIP, our almost official artist laureate, and an incredible entertainer in the custom of that prior ace of the abstract vernacular, Mark Twain.† Frost read his sonnet The Gift Outright at the initiation of President John F. Kennedy in January 1961 in line with Kennedy. A Terza Rima Sonnet Robert Frost composed a number ofâ sonnets - models incorporate Mowing and â€Å"The Oven Bird.†  These sonnets are called poems since they have 14 lines of poetic pattern and a rhyme plot, yet they don't actually adjust to the conventional octet-sestet structure of the Petrarchan work or the three-quatrains-and-a-couplet state of the Shakespearean piece. â€Å"Acquainted With the Night† is a fascinating variety among Frost’s work type sonnets since it is written in terza rima-four three-line refrains rhymed aba bcb cdc father, with an end couplet rhymed aa. Urban Loneliness Familiar With the Night† stands apart among Frost’s sonnets since it is a sonnet of city isolation. In contrast to his peaceful sonnets, which address us through pictures of the regular world, this sonnet has a urban setting: â€Å"I have looked down the saddest city lane...... an intruded on cryCame over houses from another street...† Indeed, even the moon is portrayed as though it were a piece of the artificial city condition: â€Å"... at an absurd height,One illuminating presence clock against the sky...† What's more, not normal for his sensational accounts, which coax out the implications in experiences among numerous characters, this sonnet is a talk, verbally expressed by a solitary desolate voice, a man who is very alone and experiences just the murkiness of night. What Is the Night? You may state â€Å"the night† in this sonnet is the speaker’s depression and disengagement. You may state it is misery. Or on the other hand realizing that Frost regularly composed of tramps or bums, you may state it speaks to their vagrancy, similar to Frank Lentricchia, who called the sonnet â€Å" Frost’s quintessential emotional verse of homelessness.† The sonnet utilizes the two lines forward/one line back type of terza rima to understand the tragic, erratic walk of the vagabond who has â€Å"outwalked the uttermost city light† into the desolate dimness.

Industrial Revolution Essays - Factory, Manufacturing, Free Essays

Modern Revolution Essays - Factory, Manufacturing, Free Essays Modern Revolution Robert Chaplin History 112 Dr. Farrell 20 April 2000 Modern Revolution One of the most huge character changes that has happened on the planet took place during the 1700s to the mid 1800s; the Industrial Revolution. It is depicted as a time of uncommon change from hand made things to machine made products. This implied essentially that individuals needed to figure out how to produce merchandise in gigantic plants rather than developing them from the land. The Industrial Revolution started in England in view of their huge interest for coal what's more, iron. What's more, since they had a huge gracefully of this, England before long started to need to produce immense sums over the entirety of Europe. During the 1700s, England was one of the universes driving makers of iron and coal and was considered as having the most provincial power. This is all because of their recently gained settlements. The settlements presently known as the United States of America. The provinces given a market to made items. The business sectors animated the material what's more, iron businesses in England. The settlements additionally gave England the entirety of the

The Cheapest Essay Writing Service for College - How Can You Find One?

The Cheapest Essay Writing Service for College - How Can You Find One?For many students, finding the cheapest essay writing service for college is their biggest fear. They are afraid that they will be charged far too much for just an essay that they wrote in a weekend. These fears are unfounded.The fact of the matter is that there are several professional essay writing companies that can write essays for as little as $10. However, the question remains - how can you find out if one of these companies is the best for you? The answer is that you can't. This is because each essay writing company has different prices, so you need to look at all of the options and do some research before you hire anyone.Fortunately, you don't have to pay the most expensive for your essay. There are companies that charge very low prices because they know that many students want the cheapest writing experience possible.First of all, you should take advantage of the internet when looking for cheap essay servi ces. You can do some quick research on the companies' online before you even begin searching for them. This way, you can get an idea of what is being offered.What types of essays would you be writing? Can you write your own, or are you going to use a service for this? By knowing what type of essay you are working with, you can make an informed decision about which companies are going to be the best for you.You might also think about if you are going to be writing for a particular class. If you want to write for an AP class, a writing service for this type of course will cost a bit more than the cheapest option. However, it could save you a lot of time in the long run.When deciding on a writing service, you should consider the length of the essay. The shorter the essay, the lower the price will be. However, the longer the essay, the higher the price is likely to be.Remember, cheap essay services will not necessarily deliver excellent essays. Make sure you research the companies you a re considering before you choose one of them. Also, find out what kind of essay you would be working on.

Insectivores - Insectivora - The Animal Encyclopedia

Insectivores (Insectivora) are a group of mammals that include hedgehogs, moonrats, shrews, and moles. Insectivores are generally small mammals with nocturnal habits. There are about 365 species of insectivores alive today. Most insectivores have small eyes and ears and a long snout. Some do not have visible ear flaps but have a keen sense of hearing. They have clawed toes on each foot, and the pattern and number of their teeth are rather primitive. Some insectivores such as otter-shrews and moonrats have a long body. Moles have a more cylindrical body, and hedgehogs have a round body. Some insectivores such as tree moles and shrews are adept tree climbers. Insectivores rely more on their sense of smell, hearing, and touch than their vision and some species of shrews can navigate their environment using echolocation. The bones in the inner ear of insectivores are different than other mammals. They lack an ossified temporal bone, and the tympanic membrane is attached to a bony tympanic ring while their middle ear is closed off by surrounding bones. Insectivores live in terrestrial habitats around the world. Additionally, some species of insectivores inhabit aquatic environments while others burrow. Moles spend most of their time below ground in their tunnels they excavate. Shrews generally live above ground and build burrows for shelter and sleeping. Some species live in boggy areas where rotting vegetation, rocks, and rotting logs are common. Other species inhabit arid regions including deserts. Moles and shrews are usually active throughout the year. Hedgehogs are easily recognized by their rotund shape and spines. Their spines consist of tough keratin and serve as a defense mechanism. When threatened, hedgehogs roll into a tight ball so their spines are exposed and their face and belly are protected. Hedgehogs are mostly nocturnal. As their name implies, insectivores feed on insects and other small invertebrates such as spiders and worms. The diet of insectivores is not restricted to invertebrates and also includes a wide variety of plants and animals. Water shrews feed on small fish, amphibians, and crustaceans while hedgehogs feed on birds eggs and small vertebrates. Many species of insectivores locate their prey using their keen sense of smell or by using their sense of touch. The star-nosed mole, for example, not only has a sharp sense of smell, but it also has a nose with many small and touch-sensitive tentacles that enable it to find and capture their prey. Classification Animals Chordates Mammals Insectivores There are four living subgroups of insectivores. These include the hedgehogs, moonrats, and gymnures (Erinaceidae); the shrews (Soricidae); the moles, tree moles and desmans (Talpidae); and the solenodons (Solenodontidae). Insectivores are thought to be most closely related to bats, hoofed mammals, and carnivores. The classification of insectivores is not well understood. Insectivores have a primitive mammalian body plan and are in many ways generic in their appearance. For this reason, insectivores have been classified in several other mammal groups in the past such as the tree shrews or elephant shrews. Additionally, some adaptations insectivores exhibit are convergent with the adaptations of other groups—a fact that further confuses the proper placement of insectivores within the mammals. Previous classification schemes once placed tree shrews and elephant shrews in the insectivores, but today they are classified in their own separate orders. It is possible that other animal groups such as golden moles may be removed from the insectivores as new information comes to light. Evolution Insectivores are considered to be among the most primitive groups of mammals. Some primitive traits insectivores still exhibit include a small brain and testes that do not descend into a scrotum.

Music Is The Sounds And Lack Of Sounds Of A Musical Work

Jae Yun Professor Jonathan Beckett MUS 124 - 255W July 31, 2015 MUS124 Long Paper One of the basic ideas defining music is outlined in the Professor Michael B. Bakan’s second proposition: that the sounds and lack of sounds of a musical work are organized. Throughout the past years, many professors of ethnomusicology and music in general have attempted to define exactly what music is. Although there was and is a lot of discussion on the matter, most researchers began with the notion that music is essentially organized sound. However, there are cases where sounds are organized but humans do not consider them as music. Some of these instances include speech, poetry, and natural sounds. Due to this primitive and elementary basis that music is organized sound, researchers have attempted to create conditions or categories which music falls into. Despite the conflicting opinions on the different characteristics, I, along with most researchers, believe that although music is indeed a form of organized sounds and silences, this definition is too br oad to accurately define music. Every form of music we hear includes an organized framework in which sounds come together. Although music is organized sound, it can be argued that not all organized sound is music. For example, language and human speech consists of words, which essentially organized sounds. However, we do not consider a conversation between people as music. Another example is natural sound we hear from the environment.Show MoreRelatedEthnography of Performance Essay685 Words   |  3 Pages During a musical performance many elements to be looked are not easily recognized by the average critic. A musical performance has multiple interactions taking place between the music, text, performers, audience, and space that all can contribute to a great performance. 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In the context of sound evolution, genetic algorithm has been used to evolve musical notes where the process of fitness function is employed to measureRead MoreTechno Music Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Techno music† has defined the American music culture since the emergence of rock and roll in the 1950s. Throughout the 1960s, technology evolved and it was accepted and incorporated into various factions of life and society. With rock and roll being associated with hippies, the middle class in society wanted to find something that they could relate to and be classified as a higher social class than the hippies. Musicians and music directors mashed up various sounds and the energetic nature of rockRead MoreFilm Analysis : Sunrise 1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmost exciting moment is the moment when I add the sound†¦ At this moment, I tremble.à ¢â‚¬  (Akira Kurosawa) Sound is arguably the most important concept in cinema studies, being there ever since the beginnings. It can radically change the way a motion picture is looked at and it can render what the director may sometimes find hard to depict using only his camera. Looking upon silent cinema one discovers an era which wasn’t at all silent, but rich in sound of different forms, from the simple narration ofRead MoreEssay on The Magic of Music in Film1117 Words   |  5 Pagesimportance of music in movies is highly regarded for manipulating the viewer’s emotions and helping them immerse into the story. Music is one of the prime elements in cinema. Without it a movie would feel dull and unexciting. There are three elements in a movie: one is acting, the second is picture, and the third one is music. It is a holy trinity; if incomplete, there would be a lack of sensation and excitement. Both acting and picture can stand independently from one another, but m usic is the one

Inner Darkness Essay Example For Students

Inner Darkness Essay Inner Darkness Reading Joseph ConradsHeart of Darknessis a true study of how men come to lose their hope in humanity. It also displays the overtly cynical and sometimes racist and purist overtones that plagued Europe in its early days. During a cruise along the River Thames, Charles Marlowe reminisces on his days sailing through Africa, and how the experience has shaped his life. The supporting players in his life, and his selective memories of each one, paints a picture of the unknowing, rather prejudiced man he was before, and the wiser man he has become. In Joseph ConradsHeart of Darkness, a combination of orientalisms view of the other, feminisms patriarchal socialization, and Friedrich Nietzsches nihilistic theories illustrates how overall prejudice leads to a fear of the unknown and clashes between cultures. Rather than trying to understand the natives, Marlowe and his colleagues take a position of control and sometimes antagonism towards them, leading to a realization that they have been sheltered by their Occidental lifestyles and missed out on vital life experience. Their only relation to the white man is as slaves, and to Marlowe, this is precisely how it should be. Watching the African-American rowers, he remarks We had enlisted some of these chaps on the way for a crew. Fine fellowscannibalsin their place' (Conrad 35). What does Marlowe truly mean by this last portion? Is he simply happy for the extra hands, or glad to see black men working for the whites as they were meant to do for so long? Edward Saids discourse on Orientalism strongly supports the latter. In his essay, simply titled Orientalism, he notes that the dynamic between whites and Orients a relationship of power, of domination, of varying degrees of a complex hegemony (Said 1870). And we do not help that relationship at all by using phrases such as in their place, which only serve to bring the Orients down and strain the already complex relations that exist between the two parties. Because of this, the few complimentary gestures extended towards the natives feels slightly less significant and makes the contrasting portrayalsall the morerepresentative of Marlowes lack of understanding. Although he considers the black sailors to be in their place, he still extends the occasional expression of sympathy. Watching the slaves practically on their deathbeds, he marvels that They were not enemies, they were not criminals, they were nothing earthly nownothing but black shadows of disease and starvation' (Conrad 11). The word shadows says a good deal about how the blacks had been treated even before illness consumed them. Even watching them seconds from death, Marlowe cannot seem to get away from seeing in only the most negative terms possible. Itseems to indicate that once they are gone, what little sympathy he has for them will cease, and they will be all but forgotten. In his own essay onHeart of Darkness, Chinua Achebe mentions Conrads of human expression to the one and the withholding of it from the other (1616). Indeed, the black characters remain all but wordless for most of the story. Even the portrayal of the African coast is plagued by obscurity, and treated as otherworldly when compared to Europe. In her article Unspeakable Secrets, Anne McClintock describes Marlowes first view of the coast as struggle that goes beyond the question of perception and involves the very stuff of language itselfAfrica is protean and featureless because it has withdrawn beyond the horizon of new language (41). Knowing the historical context, the reasoning could be that the whites have kept the inhabitants in their place for so long that speech has completely escaped them. The problem is that by depriving them of their faculties of speech, Conrad has upset the balance betweenApollineand Dionysiac contrasts, as detailed by Nietzsche inThe Birth of Tragedy.He describes the differing ideals with Appolineart of the imagemaker or sculptor (Bildner) and the imageless art of music, which is that ofDionysos (Nietzsche). There must always be a certain contrast between the simple andAppolinicthemes and the more bombastic, Dionysiac scenes, something that Marlowe seems not entirely aware of. The story begins on the river Thames of Europe, described by our initial narrator as low shores that ran out to sea in vanishing flatnessbrooding motionless over the biggest, and the greatest, town on earth (Conrad 1). Due to its calming nature, the Thames serves as theAppolinehalf of the duo, leaving the River Congo, An empty stream, a great silence, an impenetrable forest (Conrad 24) to serve a as Dionysiac. One extreme cannot survive without the other, and to repress one side is to upset a delicate and extremely important balance. The few female figures suffer a similar treatment, as most of their actions lack true power, and the mens patronizing attitudes show that patriarchal disease is to blame. Even one of the most powerful of female characters, Marlowes aunt, is overshadowed by the contributions and power of her male superiors. Although she is dear enthusiastic soul' and is instrumental in sending Marlowe on his lifechanging journey, she is only able to accomplish the task because, in her own words, I know the wife of a very high personage in the Administrationand alsoa man who has lots of influence' (Conrad 5). Rather than helping him directly, she must instead rely on her connections to more powerful figures, all of whom are male. Les Murrays Widower in the country Essay Kurtz himself seems to have been living a lie, with his arrogance being the main obstacle between him and a greater understanding of the natives that surround him. Gerald Levin describes him as unlucky to have lost the protection of a fixed code (177), without even the very slight sympathy for the natives that Marlow has. Even on his deathbed, his idealism isfailingand his arrogance is evident, particularly in his stubbornness and how it affects those who had once admired him so greatly. The Russian man, for example, when recounting to Marlowe how the attack was Kurtzs doing, says He hatedsometimes the idea of being taken awayand then again. But I dont understand these matters. I am a simple man' (Conrad 59). Considering how long Kurtz has lived among these natives, could that explain why this Russian has such a selfdeprecating view of himself, and seems to be waning in his attention towards the man in question? As Said recalls, So far as th e Orient is concerned, standardization and cultural stereotyping have intensified the hold of the nineteenth-century academic and imaginative demonology of the mysterious Orient' (Said 1886). By not trying to truly understand his native people, and instead projecting his socalled superiority upon them, Kurtz has deprived himself of any true understanding of who they are. This culminates at last with his final words: The horror! The horror!' (Conrad 69). Gazing into the eyes of death, he sees where his false truths and delusions of grandeur have placed him. It is all too clear that he is dissatisfied with the results. It might not have ended this way had Kurtz been more aware of Nietzsches concept of unconsciousness. His description of how certain human beings unconsciously in the way we have described, and in accordance with centuries-old habitsand precisely because of this unconsciousness, precisely because of this forgetting, they arrive at the feeling of truth (Nietzsche 768) seems to apply perfectly to Kurtz. Having such high confidence in the capabilities of his mind, he allows himself to become stagnant and develops what Nietzsche calls a superman view of himself. But when faced with death, he wakes from this unconsciousness, and finds that the truth he has made for himself was selfcontained. He understands himself not by comparing to others, but by comparing others to himself, and demeaning those who not measure up. In the aftermath of his death, it proves to be an epiphany for Marlowe. His somber demeanor in the present portrays his new philosophy on life, how must inevitably give way to disillusioned maturity (Levin 177). It is best exemplified as he ends his story and apart, indistinct and silent, in the pose of a meditating Buddha (Conrad 74), a clear contrast from the wideeyed adventurer we were first introduced to. In summary, nihilistic conflicts ultimately tend to stem from a misunderstanding on some level. In the case of the whites and the natives, the lack of understanding towards their Oriental ways pushes them apart. Blacks are treated as servants at best, and borderline nonexistent at worst. As for the female characters, few as there are, the conflict there is more hierarchyoriented. Do women have any place in the work of men, as blacks supposedly do in the work of white men? They canmake an effort, but it tends to be overshadowed by the successes of their counterparts and demeaned by the patronizing malefemale dynamics of the 19thcentury. The rather brusque treatment ofboth of thesegroups leads us to Marlowes ultimate conclusion: intellect is ultimately futile, for it only leads us further from reason. It may be right that everyones idea of truth is different, but a glimmer of hopestill remains. Instead of basing our ideas on limited knowledge, we must give voices to the repressed,in a n effort tounderstand them. It is the first step we can take to prevent an entirely bleak future.

Todays Society Should Move toward Adopting Vegetarian Diet Arguments For

Nowadays, people try to find out as many safe ways to protect their health as possible: constant physical trainings, qualified medical services, and less harmful environment are taken into consideration. Still, not all people are aware of how their eating processes may influence their health as well as relations with each other. This is why more attention is recently paid to the ideas of vegetarianism and its positive effects on human life.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Today’s Society Should Move toward Adopting Vegetarian Diet: Arguments For specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Though not all people are eager to move toward adopting a vegetarian diet, there are still a number of supporters who want to take a step and improve personal health by means of appropriate diets. Many people from different countries truly believe that their chosen diets are good ways to improve their lives, and it is very important to provide them with information in order to decrease the number of failures and clearly define the expectations. While some people would consider vegetarian diets do not have a positive impact on human life and human health in particular, it is seems to be interesting to admit that vegetarianism is a powerful means to promote safer environment, improve personal health, and support ethical ideas which are inherent to people’s relations with nature, animals, and other people around. One of the most evident reasons of why vegetarian diets are characterized by positive impacts on human life is all about the environmental conditions under which people have to live. Several investigations prove that â€Å"from an environmental perspective, what a person chooses to eat make sense† (Marlow et al. 2009, p. 16995), this is why the attention to the diet may considerably predetermine the quality of human life. Moreover, the less animals are eaten by humans on a daily basis, the more animals may be used to fertilize the land and facilitate the increases of agricultural outputs. In addition to the support of the chosen diet, â€Å"Lord Stern of Brentford, former adviser to the government on the economics of climate change, said people will have to consider turning vegetarian to help reduce global carbon emissions† (Batty Adam 2009, para. 2). While it is hard for many people to reduce the necessity of eat meat-based products and to increase the use of vegetables and other vegetarian products, however, there is a necessity â€Å"to reconsider the increasing demand for an animal-based diet† (Marlow et al. 2009, p. 17032) in accordance to which people are the only responsible figures for the ways of how animals and plants may be used in everyday life. It is evident that today’s society has to take as many effective steps as possible and adopt a vegetarian diet in order to promote better environment and protect future generations in some way .Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To further support the idea of vegetarian diets and identify its positive aspect, it is necessary pay more attention to the ways of how this type of diet may influence human health. It is proved that â€Å"the vegetarians live longer and also have an impressively lower incidence of heart disease and a significantly lower rate of cancer than meat-eating† people (Moritz 2007, p. 166). Moreover, the statistics shows the numbers by means of which it is evident that people who do not eat animal products save their hearts: cardiovascular disease may be developed due to fat and cholesterol that is observed in meat and dairy. In spite of the facts offered, the vast majority of nations, and the Americans take the leading positions in such lists, cannot refuse the desire to eat at fast-food restaurants like McDonalds because they accept such style of life as an integral part, and it is impossible to destroy their interests and preferences even if their health is under consideration. While it seems to be possible to change the traditions and invent something less harmful to protect human health: more attention should be paid to the components of everyday food and more investigations on which alternatives may be used are required; however, it is not right to neglect personal health just in order to be a devoted fan of national traditions. â€Å"What we eat is very important for our health† (Mortiz 2007, p. 166), and if vegetarian diets may improve human health, it is obligatory to use this chance and adopt such diets. Finally, the positive aspect of adopting a vegetarian diet may be regarded from a pure ethical point of view: humans find it appropriate to befriend with pets and enjoy the time spend with animals. When a person makes a decision to develop the relations with another human being, it is very important to try to follow a number of principles and rules with the help of which good relations are developed. Pity, desire to help, devotion, and many other aspects are connected to the relations which are possible to be developed between animals and people, and it is wrong to support the idea of relations and at to eat meat of animals the same time. While many people admit that they do not eat dogs or cats as they befriend with them, and it does not seem to be a kind of sin or wrong action to eat meat products and have pets. However, eating animal meat is still a kind of betrayal from human side, this is why to develop really good relations with animals and be a good friend, there is a need to refuse animal meat and to adopt the idea of vegetarianism. And society has to adopt this point as soon as possible.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Today’s Society Should Move toward Adopting Vegetarian Diet: Arguments For specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/pa ge Learn More Although the idea of vegetarianism is not a new one in today’s society, there are many people who do not find it necessary to refuse the use of animal meat. However, adopting vegetarian diets has a number of positive aspects which have to be considered by people. Vegetarianism is not only about the relationships between animals and people. The ideas of vegetarian diets have much more serious grounds: human health depends on the food used by people and even environment may be considerably improved in case people re-evaluate their food preferences. There are always some ideas and innovations which help to change this life and improve the conditions under which people have to live, and vegetarianism should be considered as one of such brilliant attempts made by people. In general, there are many reasons of why vegetarian diets have to be adopted by today’s society due to the positivism of its effects; and in spite of the fact that some people are not ready to understand how urgent the use of vegetarian food and neglecting of animal meat for a human life could be. Reference List Batty, D. Adam, D. 2009, ‘Vegetarian diet is better for the planet, says Lord Stern’, The Guardian. Web. Marlow, H.J., Hayes, W.K., Soret, W., Carters, R.L., Schwab, E.R., Sabate, L. 2009, ‘Diet and the environment: does what you eat matter?’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. 89, no. 5, pp. 16995 – 17035. Mortiz, A. 2007, Timeless Secrets of Health and Rejuvenation. Ener-Chi Art, Minneapolis. This essay on Today’s Society Should Move toward Adopting Vegetarian Diet: Arguments For was written and submitted by user N1ghtcrawler to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades

Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Should you be worried about a low grade you got in middle school hurting your future college applications? Do middle school grades count for college?With college admissions getting more competitive and students preparing for college earlier and earlier, many people wonder if colleges look at the middle school grades of applicants. Will that C you got in 6th grade math hold you back from getting into your dream school? In this guide, we explain if colleges look at middle school grades, which grades colleges are most interested in, and everything you can do as a middle school student to prepare for the college application process. Do Colleges Look at Middle School Grades? Your middle school grades will not be part of your college application.No college, even a highly-competitive one, is going to be looking at what grades you got in middle school. There are several reasons for this. The main one is that, when you apply to college, your middle school grades will have occurred too long ago to give colleges an accurate idea of the student you are now. If colleges see that you got a D in science when you were 12 years old, that really doesn’t give them any insight into the type of student you are at 17 or 18 when you’re applying to schools. You’ve had years to improve your study habits and master new material, so penalizing you for something that happened years ago would be unfair. Middle school grades simply happened too long ago to be very useful. Additionally, middle school grades are often more subjective than high school grades. One middle school may have a very different grading scale compared to a different school, while some middle school teachers may give everyone A’s while others are much more strict. Things like this can happen in high school too, but it’s more prevalent in middle school, which makes it harder for colleges to compare grades of students who went to different middle schools. Colleges also have plenty of better information to figure out what kind of student you are that they don't need your middle school grades. Colleges ask for a lot of materials when you apply, including your high school transcript, standardized test scores, the extracurriculars you were in, personal statements, and letters of recommendation.This is enough for them to get a good idea of who you are and what type of student you are. Middle school grades wouldn't add any useful information. Which Grades Do Colleges Look At? Which Year of School Is Most Important for College Applications? Colleges won't be looking at your middle school grades, but they will be very interested in all the grades you got in high school. When you apply to colleges, you’ll submit a transcript that includes the grades you got the first three years of high school, and many schools also require you to submit your senior grades once you get them. Colleges will look at every grade you got in high school, so ideally you want your entire high school transcript to be strong.However, there are some grades that are more important to colleges than other grades. Generally colleges care most about the grades you got junior year. These grades are the most important because, when you apply in the fall of your senior year, they’re the most recent grades the college has access to, so they give them the best idea of your current abilities. If you got a few low grades your freshman year but turned around and got high grades the rest of your high school career, colleges will see that maybe you struggled a bit in the beginning, but then you overcame those issues and were able to maintain a high GPA afterward. That gives them confidence you’re on track to be a successful college student. On the other hand, if you began high school with a strong GPA but have gradually gotten lower grades, especially in your junior year, colleges may be more concerned that you’re struggling as classes get more difficult, you’re losing motivation, or both.Having high grades your junior year will give colleges confidence that you can succeed as a student that their school. How important are your grades from other years of high school? Senior year grades are probably the next most important, although some colleges make admissions decisions before your senior grades are out. However, many colleges will ask for your senior grades even after they’ve accepted you, so don’t fall prey to senioritis and start coasting your final year of high school. Sophomore grades are most important after that, then freshman grades. What Can You Do in Middle School to Prepare for College? Even though colleges don’t look at your middle school grades, there's still plenty you can do in middle school to prepare for college. It’s not required to start thinking about college in middle school, but if you’re really motivated, there are several things you can do as a middle schooler to put you in the best spot when it comes time to apply to college. Here are three things to focus on. #1: Get the Best Grades You Can in Your Classes Even though colleges won’t be looking at your middle school grades, you still want to get the best grades you can during those years. Having strong middle school grades increases the chances of you being placed into advanced classes as a high school freshman, which colleges will see. Additionally, by working hard in middle school, you’ll acquire good study and testing habits that you can continue to use in high school, making it easier for you to get high grades in your high school classes.You don’t want to enter high school without knowing how to properly read a chapter in a textbook or study for a big test. Learn these things in middle school so you’ll be as prepared as possible for your high school classes and can start your freshman year off strong. #2: Think About Which Subjects You Enjoy Most You absolutely don’t need to know what you’re going to major in as a middle schooler (most high school students have no idea what they’re going to major in!), but it can definitely be helpful to start thinking about what your favorite subjects are and which of them you’d like to continue taking. If you know that you enjoy, say, math and science classes more than English and social studies classes, once you get to high school you can begin aiming to take more advanced classes in math and science to show colleges that you’re skilled in them. It’s totally fine to change your mind about which classes you plan on taking in high school, but by starting to think about it in middle school, you can be better prepared when it comes time to choose classes in high school. #3: Participate in Different Extracurricular Activities Your middle school grades may not be part of your college application, but extracurriculars you participate in during this time might be! If you’ve been taking piano lessons since you were in 2nd grade or been volunteering at a nursing home since you were 13, you can include that on your college applications as long as you continued those activities through at least part of high school. This means your middle school extracurriculars can show colleges your commitment to an activity, and participating in an extracurricular in middle school can help you get a leadership position in that activity as a high school student. If colleges see that you’ve stuck with an activity since middle school, it’ll show them you’re passionate about it and can really dedicate yourself to an activity.Similarly, obtaining a leadership position in an extracurricular also shows you’re passionate about it and that you have leadership skills (a big plus to colleges). As with tip #2, it’s completely fine to change extracurriculars between middle school and college, but if you’re looking for a way to strengthen your future college applications, sticking with at least one can help. Conclusion: Do Middle School Grades Count for College? Do colleges look at middle school grades? No, your middle school grades occurred too long ago to really give colleges an accurate idea of your current academic abilities. Colleges have many other pieces of information that are much more useful for figuring out which applicants to accept, so they don’t use middle school grades. Which grades do colleges look at? Your high school grades will be very important for your college application, particularly your junior year grades since these give colleges the best idea of what kind of student you are now. Even though your middle school grades won’t be used in the college application process, you can still begin preparing for college applications in middle school by getting high grades (to prepare you for the best high school classes), thinking about which classes you want to continue with in high school and beyond, and participating in extracurriculars you’re interested in and want to continue with in high school. What's Next? Trying to decide where to go to high school? Learn how to compare high schools using SAT or ACT scores. Thinking ahead to your high school grades?Learn the average high school GPA so you know what to aim for. Beginning your college search?Check out our guide on how to choose the best college for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Farley Mowat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Farley Mowat - Essay Example After the war ended, he was sent by the Canadian government to the Canadian Arctic where he got a chance to study the wolves closely. This experience had a significant impact on him as it drew him close to nature and prompted him to write most of his earlier works like ‘People of the Deer’ in 1952, ‘Lost in the Barrens’ in 1956 and ‘Never Cry Wolf’ in 1963 (Famous Canadians). It was during this stay that Mowat witnessed the unfair treatment of the Inuit and abuse of the environment. This encouraged him to become a strong protagonist of the Inuit rights and the protection of the environment. Mowat’s writings finally caught attention of the Canadian government and they began to recognize the rights of Inuit and started to provide them with basic facilities which they were previously denied (Orange). Mowat’s writings have been subject to criticism about whether they are based on fact or fiction. Despite this criticism, He has written more than thirty books and most of them have been rightly honored. Canadian literature owes a lot to his writings. He has taken nature writing and children’s literature to new heights His stories provide food for thought to the younger generation, providing them information on important topics like conservation of the environment and hence brings them close to nature.

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Argument - Essay Example scribes the preference given by educational institutions to certain applicants on the basis of their familial relationship to alumni of that institution. There is a long history of legacy admissions at American universities and colleges. Ivy League institutions such as Yale, Harvard etc. are estimated to admit 10% to 15% of freshmen based upon this factor. (Lexington). Harvard actually has special levels of legacy preference, methodically and elaborately distorting its standards on behalf of its alumni. The family of middle-class alumni enjoys a modest edge; the children of major donors receive double preference in the case of admissions. (Daniel Golden) This fact is confirmed by national surveys conducted by American Association of College Registrars and Admission Officers showing that legacy admissions are made at both public and private institutions. Also supporting are the statistics that show the percentages of legacies in different colleges that are definitely more than affirmative action admissions- Notre Dame 23%, Harvard 11%, University of Pennsylvania 14%, Princeton 11% and University of Virginia 11%. (Howell & Turner) Colleges should not give any preference to those who are more likely to have other socioeconomic advantages anyway, such as the children of alumni. Admissions should be made strictly on the ground of merit and exceptions should be made only on morally acceptable grounds such as talent and underprivileged class or race etc. A great example of the injustice of the legacy system is George W. Bush who was admitted at Yale in 1964 with an average grade of C and SAT verbal score of 566 just because he was a third generation legacy. How do you justify that? His admission and of those like him reduces the admission chances of meritous students who expend enormous effort in getting good grades or honing special talents this practice also uses up seats reserved for affirmative action admissions of blacks and others. Affirmative action refers to

Small and Medium Scale Business Marketing Strategies and Ideas Essay Example for Free

Small and Medium Scale Business Marketing Strategies and Ideas Essay Also, I will like to thank my parents for their immense provision and support. I will like to appreciate Pressy Ebimobowei Waratimi the Deputy CEO and founder of Rakeone Music, Rakeone Films and Rakeone TV for his immense support. I like to thank Slimface Ebiye Romeo the CEO of Romeos Artisthood. My express deep gratitude goes to my lovely friends Midian-Dicey Biyen, Kio Mikietuoniso, Gabriel Alari Benson, Samuel Oluku, Itong Washington Uwowa, Babema Tonye Amaye with others too numerous to mention. DEDICATION This book is dedicated to God Almighty. COPYRIGHT RESERVED I would be revealing to you in this free article various strategies on how to go about marketing your business to your business area, city, state, country and the world at large. The essence of this, is to fetch you many customers inorder to boost your income. I would be revealing to you also, online business marketing (E marketing) strategies. One of the smartest things a small or medium business owner can do for their business is to take the time to develop a marketing plan that will set them apart from their competitors. MARKETING PLAN One of the smartest things a small or medium business owner can do for their usiness is to take the time to develop a marketing plan that will set them apart from their competitors. A marketing plan clearly outlines how you will reach your ideal clients by effectively implementing your marketing strategy. You can choose marketing strategies below to make up your marketing plan. 1 MARKETING STRATEGIES AND IDEAS The various strategies and ideas on how to go about marketing your small or medium scale business are therefore explained below; MARKETING MATERIALS 1. Create or update your business cards. 2. Make your business card stand out from the rest. 3. Create or update your brochure fliers and stickers. . Create your website, wordpress or a blogspot. 5. Create a digital version of your brochure for your website, wordpress or blogspot. IN-PERSON NETWORKING 1. Register and attend a business conference. 2. Introduce yourself to other local business owners. 3. Plan a local business workshop or conference to showcase your product or service. 4. Rent a booth at a trade show and showcase your product. ADVERTISING 1. Advertise on the radio: Many people think it is very expensive to advertise on the radio. I assure you it is definitely not, why not go and take a survey at various Radio Stations. 2. If you have the money you can advertise on a billboard. 3. Use stickers to advertise on your car, or you can give to people to put on their cars. 2 4. Advertise in your local news paper. You can go for a cheap rate; it’s not all that expensive. 5. Advertise on a local TV station. COUPONS AND INCENTIVES Coupon simply means a voucher or ticket entitling the holder to a discount off a particular product. According to www. businessdictionary. com Incentive simple means a monetary gift or bonus given to an employee based on his or her performance, which is thought of as one way to entice the employee to continue delivering positive results. . Start a contest. 2. Create a coupon. 3. Create a buyer reward program by using the created coupon. 4. Give out free gifts mostly towards the end of the year. RELATIONSHIP BUILDING 1. Send out a customer satisfaction survey. 2. Help promote or volunteer your time for charity event. 3. Send birthday sms or holiday sms to your clients. EMPLOYEE B EHAVIOUR 1. Train your staffs on how to welcome, approach and be of a good behaviour to your clients. This will go a long way to bring more clients. 3 OFFICE OR SHOP APPEARANCE The appearance of your office or shop should be arranged well and not in a scattered manner you know what I mean. Your office or business premises should be painted with a very nice colour and should be repainted if the painted is faded or dirtied. SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING 1. Get started with social media for business. 2. Create a facebook page. 3. Create a twitter account. 4. Create a facebook group. 5. Create a facebook ad (they do charge money). 6. Create account on different online forums, e. g. www. advertise. ng. com, www. nigerianbusinessforums. com, www. gnbo. com. ng, www. nairaland. com, www. naijagreen. com www. hopenigeria. com, www. nairaland. com, www. forumotion. com, www. nigerianbestforum. com, www. ebsitenigera. com, www. allnigeriansites. com, www. newnigerians. com, www. allnigeria. com, www. perfspot. com, www. nigerdeltaforum. com, www. nairasource. com, www. boomdizzle. com, www. veengle. com, www. zimbio. com, www. naijavoice. com, www. vanguardngr. com, www. allnaija. com, www. afroterminal. com, www. naijafinder. com, www. onlinenigeria. com, www. nigerianwebsuccess. com, www. naijaurban. com, www. naijaelites. com, www. naijacyberforum. com, www. habnaija. com, www. gistmania. com All you need do is to create an account†¦. log unto it†¦. go to business forum†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦click on it and click on start new topic†¦.. Post about your 4 business†¦.. don’t forget to include your phone number and email. INTERNET MARKETING 1. Create account with www. youtube. com 2. Upload your business video advertisement (The one you give to TV stations): Steps – After creating account with youtube†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Log unto youtube with your email and password†¦. look around the website you will see upload†¦.. click on it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦a screen will show up asking you to choose a file, go to where you save the video file and click ok†¦.. enter a title†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. after upload is finished you will be given a link†¦.. you can copy and paste the link to your facebook wall, page and group. . Online Business Directory Listings: All you need do is to go to the various online business directories listing 5 websites that I will give to you below, you can find more yourself. Each country has their own. Online business directory listing is an online business website showing different kin ds of businesses, companies, firms (including their various info, addresses, phone numbers, etc). With these an individual can go to this websites to look for a company that can do a specific job for him or her, take the phone number and call or can take your address and locate your office. Online business directory will drive some of its visitors to your business. Note: One of the workers of the websites might contact you inorder to get some info from you before your company, business, firm can be listed in their websites. This is free of charge. The websites are; www. vconnect. com, www. nigerianyellowpages. com, www. onlinebusinessdirectorynigeria. com, www. nigeriangalleria. com, 5 www. lagosdirectoryonline. com, www. mynigeriareview. com, www. nigeriapagesonline. com, www. uknigeriabusinesses. com, www. nigerianbusinesspages. com, www. ngclassified. om, www. naijaonlinemart. com, www. finelib. com. EMAIL MARKETING 1. Have an email list of your clients 2. Start and send a free monthly email newsletter to your emails. CONCLUSION: You can make your marketing plan by choosing any of the various marketing strategies. If you can afford, you can do hire a marketing consultant, public relations professional, internet guru, etc to help you in the given marketing strategies. THE END Thanks for reading, I hope this will go a long way in helping you plan for your Business Marketing. GOD BLESSES YOU Contact me via 08136194354 6

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions :: essays papers

Analysis of 1997 U.S. Macroeconomic Predictions The U.S. economy ended 1996 at a blistering pace of 4.7% growth rate of real GDP in the fourth quarter. Despite this strong growth, the inflation rate remained relatively low in fact the CPI showed its lowest core growth rate in the last 34 years. This low inflation along with low unemployment finished off a very healthy year for the U.S. economy. These numbers seem to indicate a positive trend for the U.S. economy in 1997. Real GDP is expected to grow at a strong to moderate rate of 2.25%, with CPI rising around 3% and the unemployment rate between 5.25-5.5%. In order to see how these projections were arrived at it is most important to look at the factors that make up real GDP. Consumption, Investment, Government Spending, and Net Exports. When these factors are analyzed separately the overall picture of real GDP becomes clearer. The growth rate of real GDP is important because it tells us the rate that the economy is growing. Once the rate of growth is determined, we will be able to look at the predictions for interest rates, unemployment, and inflation, since all of these are heavily influenced by the growth rate of real GDP. Real GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced in a given year. It is the most important measure of growth in an economy. Since a dollar of production is equal to a dollar of income, real GDP not only gives an idea of production but also of the well being of the society in general. It is not enough simply for real GDP to rise, it must rise at a healthy rate (around 2.0%) each year in order for there to be enough jobs for new entrants into the labor force. If real GDP falls or fails to rise enough, unemployment will increase and the overall standard of living will fall. However, if real GDP rises too much inflation may occur which also lowers people’s standard living by eroding their purchasing power. In 1997, real GDP in the United States is expected to grow at an annual rate of around 2.25%. Growth is not expected to be as dramatic as the 4.7% rate of growth shown in the last quarter of 1996. But, overall the economy should show moderate to strong growth throughout the year.

Coffee Speech Essay

General Purpose: Informal Specific Purpose: is on the topic of caffeine†¦ its beneficial effects AND its negative effects. Statement: also to inform coffee users about coffee. Introduction IOpen with impact: before you go to Starbucks store buy take and take a sip of your favorite coffee†¦ AWouldn’t you want to know a better about what you benefit and don’t out of your coffee? B I drink a lot of coffee, so I was wondering how that might affect my health CThis inspired me to do some research on the subject II Thesis: This knowledge better informs the user on what they are investing their money in. Connect: What you whant to know about caffeine is, A. Why do most humans use it. BWhat products have it CWhat are the advantages and disadvantages Preview: How many of you here consider yourself caffeine addicts? How much coffee do you drink in a day? One cup? Two cups? More? How about caffeinated sodas? Body I. Main point: Caffeine is pervasive in our society these days and every few months we hear about how a study has shown that it is bad for us or good for us. What are we to believe? A. Benefits B. Disadvantages C. Safe levels of caffeine consumption D. Effects on the body II. Main point: Today, I’d like to give you some of the facts about caffeine and its effects on your body. I may not cause you to change your coffee consumption, but at least you’ll be better informed about what you are putting into your body. III. (Transitional sentence: I’m going to talk about the beneficial effects of caffeine, the negative effects and discuss what are considered to be ‘safe’ levels of caffeine consumption Main point: Let’s start with the good news. Caffeine, which comes from the leaves, seeds and fruits of about 63 different plants, is well known as a stimulant. That’s why people drink it, right? A. Caffeine does help you wake up and feel more alert and it has been shown to increase attention spans. 1. This is a beneficial effect for people who are driving long distances and for people who are doing tedious work. 2. Calling this a health benefit may be stretching it, though staying awake while you are driving a car definitely contributes to your well-being! 3. Caffeine also contains antioxidants, which have been shown to have cancer prevention qualities 4. When consumed in small quantities – for example, when you have one cup of coffee or one soda – caffeine can increase your heart rate, cause you to urinate more (which can cause dehydration) and prompt your digestive system to produce more acid. B. When larger amounts of caffeine (over 600 mg per day) are ingested over long periods of time, they can cause sleep problems, depression and digestion issues, and headaches when not used. 1. Transition: According to a Medline article on the National Institutes of Health website, having caffeine in your diet is not of any benefit to your health, but by the same token moderate consumption is not considered harmful. 2. They say that having up to 3 eight ounce cups of coffee a day – or 250 mg of caffeine – is considered (quote) â€Å"average or moderate†. 10 cups of coffee a day is considered excessive. Also, remember that the amount of caffeine per cup can vary greatly depending on the type of beans that are used and the strength of the brew. Conclusion Summarize: As you can see, caffeine can have both positive and negative effects on our health and well-being. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that if you drink your coffee or sodas in moderation, you don’t have to worry too much. Close with impact: So, the next time you are wondering whether or not you should have that second cup of coffee to perk you up, relax. At least now you know what it will – and won’t – do for you! References before you go to Starbucks or any other coffee selling store or brands, buy and take and take a sip of your favorite coffee, Wouldn’t you want to know better about what you benefit and don’t out of your coffee? I drink a lot of coffee, so I was wondering how that might affect my health, this inspired me to do some research on the subject. This knowledge better informs the user on what they are investing their money in, Why do most humans use it, what products have it, what are the advantages and disadvantages. How many of you here consider yourself caffeine addicts? How much coffee do you drink in a day? One cup? Two cups? More? How about caffeinated sodas? : Caffeine is pervasive in our society these days and every few months we hear about how a study has shown that it is bad for us or good for us. What are we to believe? But Today, I’d like to give you some of the facts about caffeine and its effects on your body. I may not cause you to change your coffee consumption, but at least you’ll be better informed about what you are putting into your body, I’m going to talk about the beneficial effects of caffeine, the negative effects and discuss what are considered to be ‘safe’ levels of caffeine consumption. Let’s start with the good news. Caffeine, which comes from the leaves, seeds and fruits of about 63 different plants, Caffeine does help you wake up and feel more alert and it has been shown to increase attention spans. It’s well known as a stimulant. That’s why people drink it, right? This is a beneficial effect for people who are driving long distances and for people who are doing tedious work, calling this a health benefit may be stretching it, though staying awake while you are driving a car definitely contributes to your well-being! Caffeine also contains antioxidants, which have been shown to have cancer prevention qualities, When consumed in small quantities – for example, when you have one cup of coffee or one soda – caffeine can increase your heart rate, cause you to urinate more which can cause dehydration but it can prompt your digestive system to produce more acid. When larger amounts of caffeine over 600 mg per day are ingested over long periods of time, they can cause sleep problems, depression and digestion issues, and headaches when it’s not used. According to a Medline article on the National Institutes of Health website, having caffeine in your diet is not of any benefit to your health, but by the same token moderate consumption is not considered harmful. They say that having up to 3 eight ounce cups of coffee a day or 250 mg of caffeine is considered â€Å"average or moderate† now 10 cups of coffee a day is considered excessive. Also, remember that the amount of caffeine per cup can vary greatly depending on the type of beans that are used and the strength of the brew. As you can see, caffeine can have both positive and negative effects on our health and well-being. Nevertheless, the bottom line is that if you drink your coffee or sodas in moderation, you don’t have to worry too much. So, the next time you are wondering whether or not you should have that second cup of coffee to perk you up, relax. At least now you know what it will – and won’t – do for you!

Institutional Variables Affecting Managerial and Employee Behaviour - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2503 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Review Did you like this example? The international business literature highlights the importance of global integration and the increasing interfaces, which exist between people, nations and cultures within the modern multi-national corporation (MNC). Managing a MNC requires a management of differences with local distinctiveness increasingly positioned as a point for competitive differentiation (Hartmann, Feisel and Schober, 2010). The pressure for global integration and local responsiveness as highlighted in the work of Rosenzweig (2006) requires MNCs to successfully balance both cultural and institutional variables. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Institutional Variables Affecting Managerial and Employee Behaviour" essay for you Create order This report, draws on research in order to critically evaluate three cultural variables and three institutional variables which are positioned in this essay as having the power to influence managerial and employee behaviour within MNCs. Research into MNCs often positions them as being complex and multi-layered in nature (Scherer, Palazzo and Seidl, 2013). MNCs face growing challenges in managing the complexity of interactions and thus, this requires firms to understand dimensions of employee and managerial behaviour and both are influenced by cultural and institutional variables (Meyer, Mudambi and Narula, 2011). This essay begins with a consideration of cultural variables of importance to MNCs. Culture is defined by Hofstede (1980, p. 12) as: Not a characteristic of individuals; it encompasses a number of people who were conditioned by the same education and life experience. When we speak of the culture of a group, a tribe, a geographical region, a national minority, or a nation, culture refers to the collective mental programming that is different from that of other groups, tribes, regions, minorities or majorities, or nations. Broadly speaking, culture refers to the collective mental programming of individuals and this influences the way in which managers and employees behave within the firm. One cultural variable of importance is national culture and in particular as highlighted in the work of Hofstede (1980) five dimensions of culture should be considered: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity and short-long-term orientation. Managerial and employee behaviour within MNCs is inherently influenced by cultural dynamics with employees being a product of the culture they exist within. Two cultural elements in particular require consideration, power distance is a cultural dimension, which refers to the extent that individuals accept differences between people as legitimate and expected. If the population has a high power distance, then this reflects a focus on hierarchical power and differences in status. Employees from this culture would be accepting of different managerial groups and taking lead from those above them. This naturally influences employee behaviour with employees in a high power distance culture able to accept instruction from managers (Farh, Hackett and Liang, 2007). Farh, Hackett and Liang (2007) evidence this by arguing that power distance impacts upon levels of perceived organisational support and the outcome of employee relationships within the firm. Hofstede (1980) also highlighted the importance of individualism/collectivism and the need to understand the extent to which individuals focus on individual needs or the needs of the group. This is a cultural variable, which impacts upon behaviour within the firm. Further, an additional complexity lies in the international operations of the MNC and a firm will have to deal with different cultures. For example, India is viewed as a collectivist culture compared to the UK, which is more individualistic in nature. This will have natural implications on employee behaviour and the management of relationships within the firm. A second cultural variable refers to cross cultural differences across employees within the MNC. It is important that MNCs are able to develop cross-cultural teams in a manner, which enhances the ability of the firm to integrate innovative thinking with the competitive orientation of the firm. Managers within MNCs have to be able to avoid cultural misunderstandings and adopt a level of cultural sensitivity. Haas and Cummings (2014) argue that due to the multi-layered nature of MNCs there is a need to focus upon person-based differences. The development of cross-cultural teams is often highlighted as being an important condition of competitive performance (Caligiuri and Lundby, 2015). Barner-Rasmussen et al (2013) position cultural skills as a resource, which maximizes organi sational human capital. In order to maximize the effective positioning of human capital, managers have to be able to understand the role culture plays in creating an underlying, strong link amongst individuals (Schein, 2012). A third cultural variable of consideration is the study of organisational culture (Schein, 2012). Organisational culture refers to the shared values and the inherent norms which exist within the firm (Schein, 2012). Pothukuchi et al (2002) argued that organisational culture could have a negative impact on international business and on the actions of MNCs. Considered to be a mechanism of differentiation; organisational culture is positioned as overseeing and supporting employee behaviour within the MNC. Due to the multi-layered nature of the MNC, Al-Husan, Al-Hussan and Perkins (2014) argue that there is a need to have multilevel human resource management systems in place in order to support different employee groups. This does however raise a challenge with regards to the promotion of consistency while at the same time differentiating on the basis of culture. This is a particular challenge for the MNC where a global, brand image is required amongst the dynamic determinants of employee behaviour within the firm. Sofka et al (2014) argue that for an effective organisational culture to result, MNCs have to be able to focus upon value creation. Cultural variables are a soft consideration, which ultimately have the power to affect employee behaviour within MNCs. Difficulty lies in the intangible nature and the difficulty associated with the measurement of organisational culture (Baird, Hu and Reeve, 2011). Thus, while cultural variables notably are considered to impact upon MNCs and the wider realm of international business, it is difficult to precisely account for difference and this is largely tied up within the power of individuals within the firm. It is important however to utilize frameworks such as those provided by Hofstede (1980) to move towards a more detailed appreciation of culture (Hofstede, 2011). Aligned to the multi-layered nature of the MNC, culture can also be viewed as having different layers (Steenkamp, 2001). National culture as reviewed in the work of Hofstede (1980: 2011) is one layer but it must be appreciated alongside other elements of culture including more microelements including organisational culture. The study of culture and its impact on international business requires a greater exploration of how different elements of culture interact. Managerial and employee behaviour is also influenced by a number of institutional variables. This essay discusses three institutional variables in particular: political, religious and economic. Each institution affects firms differently dependent upon the country of operation. Morgan, Kristensen and Whitley (2001) argue that a multinational firm must be able to organize across institutional devices and this requires an understanding of different economic, political and religious considerations. While increased attention has been directed towards the value of standardized approaches, in reality, adaptation is considered to be the most effective way to deal with different dynamics in the external environment (Teece, 2009). The political environment is widely considered to influence the environment within which MNCs operate. Luo (2004) highlights the importance of developing a platform built on co-operation between the MNC and the host government. An inclusive, integrated partnership is often positioned as being the most effective platform from which to build relationships. Present within a particular political institution, individuals will align to a particular political identity. A political institution such as the leadership of the Conservative government in the UK has the power to influence the way in which employees and managers behave. Largely, the influence on behaviour is fuelled by regulation and the design of poli cies and practices. Any new regulation implemented will have a natural effect on behaviour within the firm. Difficulties however arise when change is resisted within the firm and this can often arise through a collection of individuals promoting the status quo within the firm (Hayes, 2007). Offering a different viewpoint to that of Luo (2004), HeikkilÃÆ'Â ¤, Brewster and Mattila (2014) argue that while largely political institutions affect the larger operation of the MNC, what is needed is a more micro exploration as to how political conflicts can influence employee behaviour. They, in particular, argue that political conflicts within a given country or amongst individuals within the firm can result in inherent challenges related to the overall effectiveness of human resource management within the firm. From a critical perspective, the work of HeikkilÃÆ'Â ¤, Brewster and Mattila (2014) highlights the importance of both a macro and micro exploration of the political institution. Too often the political institution is viewed as having a higher-level influence on the firm. A consideration of religion is needed within any MNC. An internalized look at an individual is needed in order to understand and then manage individuals at work (Hollway, 1991). An analysis of employee behaviour promotes an understanding of individuals and, importantly what makes up that individual. Lund Dean, Fornaciari and McGee (2003) explore the influence of religion on employee behaviour and argue that religion plays a core role in influencing employee behaviour and should therefore be given more consideration than it currently is across the academic community. More specifically, McGhee and Grant (2008) explore the link between religion and work and argue that individuals behaviours interpret their own individual actions through a religious lens. Increasingly, attention has been directed towards the links, which exist between the religious orientation of an individual and their ethi cal behaviour in the workplace. Playing an important role in the global economy, increased attention is directed towards the brand image of MNCs and their responsibility to the wider community. Religion as an institution thus becomes important to consider how this influences the way in which individuals interpret decisions and perhaps behave in an ethical manner due to their religious affiliations. Another consideration related to religion refers to the prominence of diversity and, in particular the levels of diversity MNCs have to deal with. The modern day MNC must be able to manage this diversity and use it to their advantage by promoting difference across the firm within cross-cultural teams. A final institutional variable considered is the role of the economic institution in influencing employee and managerial behaviour. The economic institution captures all institutions that are a player in the economy. This includes everything from competitors, consumers to those providing financial services. Focusing upon one specific economic institution, this essay argues that it is important to focus upon manufacturers and how this particular economic institution influences employee and managerial behaviour. In a global market, which is often positioned as being highly, dynamic and adaptable, there is a need for firms to understand how the actions of manufacturers will influence the behaviour of individuals within the firm. For example, any changes in manufacturing resulting in a change of process within the firm would have a natural influence on employee behaviour and importantly the way in which managers approach change within the firm (Hayes, 2007). Managers need to be closely aligned to manufacturers they are working with and use this to guide an integrated approach to behaviour. Within the economic setting, any economic institution has the power to influence the objectives and future of the firm. A focus on the sustainable future of the firm is required to en sure that if changes in the market exist for example changes to demand and supply, managers must be able to adapt in a timely manner. Economic institutions are thus often positioned as driving flexible and adaptable decision making from managers (Liu, 2009). In conclusion, research into MNCs suggests that they are complex and multi-layered in nature. The role and prominence of MNCs requires attention to be directed towards the individuals, which make up the actions of the firm. As discussed in the essay a number of cultural and institutional variables can be identified as having an influence on the way in which employees and managers behave. A running theme throughout the discussion is the importance of balancing micro level considerations with a higher-level understanding of macro phenomenon. 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